常20:普世救恩 2023年08月20日


常年期第二十主日

菊殘猶有傲霜枝

讀經一:(依56:1,6-7):只要外邦人愛慕上主,終為上主所接納
讀經二:(羅11:13-15,29-32):外邦人或猶太人最終都得天主的救恩
福 音:(瑪15:21-28):客納罕婦人的信德
中國文化: 寶劍鋒從磨礪出,梅花香自苦寒來。


依撒意亞先知這樣說︰「至於那些外邦人,如果他們皈依上主,事奉上主……我要帶領他們登上我的聖山,使他們在我的祈禱之所,滿心歡樂……因為,我的殿宇將稱為萬民祈禱之所。」(參考依56:1,6-7)

依撒意亞先知的說話是很革命性的,因為對猶太人來說,上主只是他們的天主,只有他們才是天主的選民。所有外邦人都是注定要受罰的,一切的外邦人都不屬於上主,都會被上主捨棄。現在依撒意亞先知說,外邦人和猶太選民已沒有分別,如果他們皈依、侍奉上主,上主一樣會帶領他們往上主的聖山,使他們在上主的祈禱之所內滿心歡喜。

在猶太人的歷史,或是在古經中,上主常被形容為亞巴郎的天主。

天主像是一個「家神」(亞巴郎家的神),或是一個「族神」(以色列民族的神)。上主有時甚至被描寫成為一位「戰神」,一位和他的選民一起作戰,一起消滅外邦人的神。

這個上主只是一小撮人的天主。但是依撒意亞先知清楚的告訴我們,這個上主是萬民的天主。

猶太人的思想就是現在很多所謂「基要派」人士,或者原教旨主意者的思想。這些人都把上主放在自己的口袋中,認為上主只是他們的天主。

今天的福音說了一個更好的故事,就是客納罕婦人的故事。客納罕人也是所謂「外邦人」的一種,是猶太人所鄙視的,且被認為是上主所捨棄的一群人。

一次,有一個客納罕婦人見到耶穌,便高聲叫喊說︰「主!達味之子,可憐我吧!我的女兒被魔鬼糾纏的好苦啊!」耶穌卻一句話都不回答她。他的門徒就上前求他說︰「打發她走吧!因為她在我們後面不停地喊叫。」耶穌回答說︰「我被派遣,只是為了以色列家迷失的羊。」

耶穌這句話反映了很多當時猶太人的心態和信念:上主是拯救以色列人的天主,是屬於以色列民族的天主。

那個客納罕婦人,那個非天主選民的婦人,來叩拜耶穌說︰「主,援助我吧!」耶穌回答說︰「拿兒女的餅扔給小狗是不對的。」意思很明顯:狗是狗,人是人;我們人吃的是人的食物,你們這些如狗一樣的人,只配用狗的食物。這是一種十分嚴峻的拒絕,也是充滿偏見的話。

但那位客納罕婦人絲毫不把這些話當作侮辱,她回答說︰「是啊!可是小狗也可以吃主人桌上掉下來的碎屑。」

耶穌回答說︰「啊!婦人,妳的信德真大,就按照妳的願望,給妳成就吧!」從那時刻起,她的女兒就痊癒了。(參考瑪15:21-28)

這故事清楚告訴我們:一個外邦人、一個沒有信仰的人,極有可能比一個自稱為有信仰的所謂「選民」,有更大的信德。

有一副對聯說得很好︰「寶劍鋒從磨礪出,梅花香自苦寒來。」一把寶劍為什麼會鋒利?是因為它經歷很長久的磨礪,在磨刀石上磨了很久,所以它的刀鋒可以吹毛得過、削鐵如泥。梅花是香的,尤其在嚴寒的冬天,在世界陷入苦寒的時候,我們看見梅花一枝獨秀、挺拔地開放,發出幽香。環境越凍,天氣越冷,梅花越香。

這位客納罕婦人可說經得起磨礪,也經得起苦寒。

耶穌的話,其實很傷她的心、她的自尊,甚至很傷她的民族感情。不過,這並不是耶穌的話,他只是反映當時人的偏見;又或者,耶穌是要用這些話去試鍊這個婦人。果然,這個女人不負耶穌所望,她說出了一句十分謙虛的說話︰「可是連小狗也可以吃主人桌上掉下來的碎屑。

我們的信德又怎樣?我們經得起考驗嗎?我們怕不怕苦寒?我們願意衝破一切,去皈依、去相信嗎?依撒意亞先知說得很清楚︰「若果外邦人皈依上主、侍奉上主、愛慕上主、做他的僕人,我就要帶領他們登上我的聖山。」

反過來說,所謂上主選民,所謂基督徒,我們有否皈依上主?我們接受了洗禮,但我們是否真的皈依?我們領了「教友証書」,但我們有否侍奉上主?我們的名字叫伯多祿、若望、瑪利亞,我們接受了一個基督徒的名字,但我們有否做上主的僕人?我們有否固守我們和上主的盟約?我們領洗的時候,曾經向上主許諾過、發過誓,要棄絕魔鬼、相信天主、愛我們的鄰人。這一切我們有否固守?

選民及非選民,信徒及非信徒,並不是一個名字上的問題,是真正的皈依、侍奉、愛慕、固守的問題。只有這樣,我們才可被稱為上主的子民。

常年期第二十主日

菊残犹有傲霜枝

读经一:(依56:1,6-7):只要外邦人爱慕上主,终为上主所接纳
读经二:(罗11:13-15,29-32):外邦人或犹太人最终都得天主的救恩
福 音:(玛15:21-28):客纳罕妇人的信德
中国文化: 宝劍锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来。


依撒意亚先知这样说∶「至於那些外邦人,如果他们皈依上主,事奉上主……我要带领他们登上我的圣山,使他们在我的祈祷之所,满心欢乐……因为,我的殿宇将称为万民祈祷之所。」(参考依56:1,6-7)

依撒意亚先知的说话是很革命性的,因为对犹太人来说,上主只是他们的天主,只有他们才是天主的选民。所有外邦人都是注定要受罚的,一切的外邦人都不属於上主,都会被上主舍弃。现在依撒意亚先知说,外邦人和犹太选民已没有分别,如果他们皈依、侍奉上主,上主一样会带领他们往上主的圣山,使他们在上主的祈祷之所内满心欢喜。

在犹太人的历史,或是在古经中,上主常被形容为亚巴郎的天主。

天主像是一個「家神」(亚巴郎家的神),或是一個「族神」(以色列民族的神)。上主有時甚至被描写成为一位「战神」,一位和他的选民一起作战,一起消灭外邦人的神。

这個上主只是一小撮人的天主。但是依撒意亚先知清楚的告诉我们,这個上主是万民的天主。

犹太人的思想就是现在很多所谓「基要派」人士,或者原教旨主意者的思想。这些人都把上主放在自己的口袋中,认为上主只是他们的天主。

今天的福音说了一個更好的故事,就是客纳罕妇人的故事。客纳罕人也是所谓「外邦人」的一种,是犹太人所鄙视的,且被认为是上主所舍弃的一群人。

一次,有一個客纳罕妇人见到耶稣,便高声叫喊说∶「主!达味之子,可怜我吧!我的女儿被魔鬼纠缠的好苦啊!」耶稣却一句话都不回答她。他的门徒就上前求他说∶「打发她走吧!因为她在我们后面不停地喊叫。」耶稣回答说∶「我被派遣,只是为了以色列家迷失的羊。」

耶稣这句话反映了很多当時犹太人的心态和信念:上主是拯救以色列人的天主,是属於以色列民族的天主。

那個客纳罕妇人,那個非天主选民的妇人,来叩拜耶稣说∶「主,援助我吧!」耶稣回答说∶「拿儿女的饼扔给小狗是不对的。」意思很明显:狗是狗,人是人;我们人吃的是人的食物,你们这些如狗一样的人,只配用狗的食物。这是一种十分严峻的拒绝,也是充满偏见的话。

但那位客纳罕妇人丝毫不把这些话当作侮辱,她回答说∶「是啊!可是小狗也可以吃主人桌上掉下来的碎屑。」

耶稣回答说∶「啊!妇人,你的信德真大,就按照你的願望,给你成就吧!」从那時刻起,她的女儿就痊愈了。(参考玛15:21-28)

这故事清楚告诉我们:一個外邦人、一個没有信仰的人,极有可能比一個自称为有信仰的所谓「选民」,有更大的信德。

有一副对联说得很好∶「宝劍锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来。」一把宝劍为什么会锋利?是因为它经历很长久的磨砺,在磨刀石上磨了很久,所以它的刀锋可以吹毛得過、削铁如泥。梅花是香的,尤其在严寒的冬天,在世界陷入苦寒的時候,我们看见梅花一枝独秀、挺拔地開放,发出幽香。环境越冻,天气越冷,梅花越香。

这位客纳罕妇人可说经得起磨砺,也经得起苦寒。

耶稣的话,其实很伤她的心、她的自尊,甚至很伤她的民族感情。不過,这并不是耶稣的话,他只是反映当時人的偏见;又或者,耶稣是要用这些话去试炼这個妇人。果然,这個女人不负耶稣所望,她说出了一句十分谦虚的说话∶「可是连小狗也可以吃主人桌上掉下来的碎屑。

我们的信德又怎样?我们经得起考验吗?我们怕不怕苦寒?我们願意冲破一切,去皈依、去相信吗?依撒意亚先知说得很清楚∶「若果外邦人皈依上主、侍奉上主、爱慕上主、做他的仆人,我就要带领他们登上我的圣山。」

反過来说,所谓上主选民,所谓基督徒,我们有否皈依上主?我们接受了洗礼,但我们是否真的皈依?我们领了「教友证书」,但我们有否侍奉上主?我们的名字叫伯多禄、若望、玛利亚,我们接受了一個基督徒的名字,但我们有否做上主的仆人?我们有否固守我们和上主的盟约?我们领洗的時候,曾经向上主许诺過、发過誓,要弃绝魔鬼、相信天主、爱我们的邻人。这一切我们有否固守?

选民及非选民,信徒及非信徒,并不是一個名字上的問题,是真正的皈依、侍奉、爱慕、固守的問题。只有这样,我们才可被称为上主的子民。

TWELFTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME

No Need To Be Afraid

First Reading (Jer 20:10-13): The Lord has overpowered humankind
Second Reading (Rom 5:12-15): All died because of Adam's sin; but through Christ's grace all now live.
Gospel (Mt 10:26-33): Do not fear to acknowledge our Lord before human beings
Chinese Classics:
“When all the world in mud has sunk, Alone I am clean; When all the people are drunk, Sober I am seen.” (1)
Ran Qiu said, “It is not that I do not delight in your doctrine, but my strength is insufficient.” The master said, “Those whose strength is insufficient give up in the middle of the way, but now you limit yourself.” (2)

‘Have no fear of them!’ Jesus said, ‘Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground unperceived by your Father. Even the hairs of your head are all counted. So do not be afraid; you are of more value than many sparrows!’ (Mt 10:26-33)

Sparrows are cheap. A small copper coin can buy two of them. However, our Father in heaven loves and protects them. Without the Father's knowledge, not even one of them falls to the ground. We are of more value than sparrows so God is bound to love us more and take better care of us. Jesus tells us that even the hairs of our head are counted. So we should put our trust in God and not be afraid.

In a survey, teenagers were asked what they feared most. They responded that they were most afraid of being excluded from their friends' circles or not being accepted by their friends or peer groups. In light of this, I believe that in order to please their peer groups not a few young people will choose to speak foul language and do whatever the group wants even to the point of doing evil.

As Christians, we should be pillars of strength and know how to say “no”. We should know how to refuse and serve as the salt of the earth and the light of the world. We should be able to do what Qu Yuan said, “When all the world in mud has sunk, Alone I'm clean; When all the people are drunk, Sober I'm seen.”(1) When everyone is dirty, we should be clean. When everyone is drunk, we should be sober. We should bear witness to Christ, to our faith and to a full and truthful life with our words, actions and way of life.

Jesus said, “Do not be afraid before others. Nothing is concealed that will not be revealed, no secret that will not be made known. Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul; rather, be afraid of those who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.”

We should not be afraid of our peers or friends, nor fear being rejected by them. What we should be afraid of is to be rejected by God.

Some people are willing to be course and impolite when with their co-workers because they say, “when one is in the lake together, one is not one's own master.” But actually we can reject their suggestions.

There was once a Taiwanese merchant who often wore a cross on his chest. It is said it is not uncommon for Taiwanese businessmen to do business with their customers in the salons where sexual services are provided. However, this Catholic businessman clearly said to the others, “I am a Christian, I will not visit places like that. If you do business with me, business is all that we will discuss.”

At first some people could not accept such a strict style of doing business. Some of them even stopped doing business with him. However, people gradually found out that he was indeed an upright and just person. He had his own way of doing things, which did not need to involve bribery or any other unnecessary actions. In the end it was proved that his way was successful and more and more upright people were happy to deal with him.

Confucius' pupil, Ran Qiu, said to Confucius, “It is not that I do not delight in your doctrine, but my strength is insufficient.”(2) What he meant was, “Teacher, it is not that I do not like your teaching, I just do not have the strength to carry it out.” Confucius reminded him that “Those whose strength is insufficient give up in the middle of the way, but now you limit yourself.”(2) To paraphrase, Confucius was saying, “Did you say you did not have sufficient strength? Good! Then prove whether your strength is sufficient or insufficient. If your strength were really insufficient, you would give up halfway or “in the middle of the way”. But you said that you had insufficient strength right at the start. That is like drawing a circle on the ground and imprisoning yourself in it. You said that you could not step out of the circle without giving it a try. Do not forget! It was you who drew this circle. Therefore, it is you who “limit yourself.” It is you who do not want to step out of this circle.”

Sometimes, our children also “draw” this way. When we ask them if they understand, they immediately say “No”. When we ask whether or not they can do something, they will say “No” at once. When we ask them if they are willing to do something again their first reaction is “No”. In short, they only give negative responses.

As parents, we must help our children to establish the right kind of habits. So when they say “No”, we should correct them. We must convince them to first think whether or not they understand or can do something, before they a response and say “No” too quickly.

We all have this tendency to “draw”, because we are afraid. We are afraid to be rejected, we are afraid of failing. In fact, we are also afraid of ourselves.

Jesus says to us, “Do not be afraid, for you must testify to the truth and your faith. Everyone therefore who acknowledges me before others, I also will acknowledge before my Father in heaven; but whoever denies me before others, I also will deny before my Father in heaven.

When none of our classmates, companions or co-workers think that life is meaningful we should try to tell them or show them by our lives that life can have dignity and meaning. Life can be lived in a bright and shining way. This is the way to witness to Christ and to life.

Do not be afraid; you are of more value than many sparrows!

(1)眾人皆濁我獨清,眾人皆醉我獨醒。
(2)非不說子之道,力不足也。力不足者,中道而廢;今汝畫。

 

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徐錦堯@fr.luketsui.idv.hk 2024